Вера Цветкова

戈连隧道位于中国河南省的山区. 直到1972年，由于山区通道极其困难，进入附近的国梁村的通道受到限制。 一个陡峭的悬崖边上的一个非常危险的楼梯是离开村庄的唯一途径。 定居点的一切都是用石头做的：村庄的大门，道路，桥梁，房屋，桌子，凳子和碗。 根据传说，这个村庄来自农民军的首领郭良，这是在西汉（公元前206年-公元24年）创建的。 目前，83个家庭，329人住在这里。 在1972中，一群绝望的村民决定将这种情况掌握在自己手中-他们决定在岩石中建造一条道路。 沈明新当时是村长。 他坚持认为，村民只需要实施这个项目。 他们卖山羊和粮食，用所得买工具。 十三个强壮的村民开始了这个项目. 在五年内，他们已经穿过了一条1200米长的隧道，高约5米，宽约4米。 这项工作不仅困难，而且非常危险。 一些村民在施工期间死于事故。 1977年5月1日，隧道通车。 隧道里有三十多扇窗户. 其创建的原因是由于这里缺乏电力而需要道路照明。 毕竟，这个村庄很偏远，与世界隔绝。 有些窗户是圆形的，有些是方形的，尺寸从几十米到更标准。 无论如何，整个故事都有一个非常美好的结局。 这次不可思议的冒险得到了回报. 在新世纪的门槛上，中国开始向世界其他地区开放边界。 决定在全国发展旅游业。 因此，官员们参观了这个地区，并决定它是一个极好的旅游景点。 有一次，来自世界各地的数千名游客出现在一个与外界隔绝的小村庄里！ 该村因其独特的景观、石头建筑和这条真正宏伟的隧道而成为当地山区的瑰宝

Mana originates in Lake Verkhmansky. At a distance of about 12 km from the source, a section of the river 800-1000 m long is located underground. It flows through the Mansky White Mountains in the northern spurs of the Eastern Sayan.

The Mana River is a favorite place among water tourists. Rafting on the river from the village of Beret to the village of Ust-Mana is very popular. The entire route takes 2-2.5 days to complete. In addition, the Verkhmansky rapids are of interest (III-V difficulty categories depending on the water level).

The magnificent beaches of one of the best resorts in the world in the Maldives glow blue at night. Attention: it's not dangerous. Scientists have found out that the whole secret is hidden in bioluminescent phytoplankton.

According to scientists, the bioluminescent apparatus of these protozoa works like this. When moving in the water column, mechanical forces cause an electrical pulse that rushes inside the cell, to a special vacuole. This vacuole, a hollow membrane bubble, is filled with protons. Scintollons are connected to it — membrane bubbles with the "glowing" enzyme luciferase. When an electric pulse comes to the vacuole, proton gates open between it and the scintillon. Hydrogen ions flow into the scintillon and acidify the medium in it, which makes the bioluminescent reaction possible.

Glowing beaches in the Maldives can be observed quite often, especially on those nights when the moon is not visible in the sky. Special night expeditions are even organized for divers and those who want to swim in the "ocean of stars".

Best of all, the glow of these protozoa can be observed during the breeding season: the number of unicellular becomes such that sea water resembles milk — although it is too bright blue in color. However, it is necessary to admire dinoflagellates with caution: many of them produce toxins dangerous to humans and animals, so when there are too many of them, it will be safer to get aesthetic pleasure from the glowing tide on the shore.

The pinkest beach is Harbor Island (Bahamas).
Foraminifera, painted in a rich pink color, live in abundance in the coastal waters of the island. For centuries, shells have been washed ashore, where time and the surf have turned them into small grains, and they paint the shore in a delicate shade of dawn.

In the north of New Zealand, not far from the town of Te Kuiti, there is one of the amazing masterpieces of nature - the Waitomo caves. Waitomo is a complex consisting of many underground formations. In total, the complex includes about 150 caves and grottoes.

This network of caves and grottoes is quite old, it is more than 2 million years old, so Waitomo is considered one of the oldest caves. For a long time the cave was at the bottom of the ocean, but when the water left, a whole world of tunnels opened up in front of us, decorated with stone and limestone formations of various shapes, underground rivers and ponds.

But the most interesting thing here is the amazing Glowworm cave or the cave of Fireflies. Here you can see and touch the real starry sky - thousands, millions of luminous dots can be seen above your head. Impressions from such a spectacle are amazing!

Such an amazing effect is created thanks to small insect mosquitoes of the Arachnocampa luminosa species. The larvae of Arachnocampa luminosa make special cobwebs with drops of sticky transparent liquid and hang them on the roof of the cave. Mosquitoes highlight droplets to attract small insects. As it turned out in practice, the illuminated cobwebs attract not only insects, but also tourists who climb into the depths of the cave to admire them.

Arachnocampa luminosa mosquitoes are endemic, they can be found only in New Zealand and Australia. Initially, these insects were called Bolitiphila, which meant “mushroom lovers”, and not for nothing, since the larvae can do without catching insects, they feed on mushroom spores. But in 1924 it was renamed Arachnocampa, translated from Latin - “spider larvae”, because of the unusual ability to weave nests of silk threads.

力拓河位于西班牙西南部，发源于安达卢西亚山区。 水的颜色是棕红色。
很长一段时间，沿河的地区被用于采矿，如铜，银，金等。
结果，采石场和矿山开始形成，河流本身吸收了酸和有毒金属-水域变成暗红色。
由于金属的高浓度，力拓河的水域呈红色。这条河以其水的酸度而闻名，ph=1.7-2.5相等。
5000多年的采矿造成了河流的污染，使Tinto变成了一个极其危险的地方。 产量在1930年达到顶峰，之后产量下降。 铜在1986年停止在这里开采，1996年的白银和黄金，但巨大的矿山，采石场和挖掘仍然存在，金属继续落入河流的水域。
很多铁和硫氧化细菌起源于河流，正是它们的活动导致了水的如此深的着色。 力拓是家庭对成千上万的其他惊人的细菌和生物。
力拓河已经引起了极大的科学兴趣，由于需氧细菌extremophile的活动，迅速繁殖在水中。 正是这些生命形式被认为是高酸含量的可能原因。 细菌以铁和矿物质为食，这些铁和矿物质被从矿井中冲刷出来，并大量包含在河床沿线的表面岩石上。
这种不寻常的河流状态是天体生物学家进行大规模研究的原因。 在他们看来，在其他太阳系中可以找到相同类型的河流，例如，在火星深处。 例如，木星的月亮欧罗巴可能在其冰冷的表面下隐藏着氧化水的海洋，含有与安达卢西亚的力拓相同的细菌。
部分基于在力拓河附近进行的研究，两名美国宇航局的科学家在2005年2月声称，他们发现了火星上生命的有力证据。 然而，美国宇航局官员否认了下属的声明，其中一位科学家后来收回了他的声明。
现在力拓已经变成了一条致命的棕色溪流，给所有生物带来了死亡。

The Valley of the Moon or the Wadi Rum Desert is the largest desert in Jordan, it is one of the most unusual and beautiful places in Jordan. Sands of different colors, large boulders, rocks up to 1750 meters high, this desert is about three thousand years old!

A very long time ago there was a sea on the site of the Wadi Rum desert and the valley of the Moon was just the bottom of this sea. Then natural disasters occurred and the water left, this splendor remained in place of the sea, which we can see now. The sand here is unusually different shades, from reddish to blue, and there are traces of shells and other marine life in the rocks.

Bedouin tribes live on the territory of the Wadi Rum desert, their camps are nomadic and scattered throughout the valley of the Moon. These people are hospitable and friendly. If you meet them on your journey, then do not be afraid. And there are quite a few other people in the desert, tourists love this place and visit it with pleasure.

If you decide to visit the valley of the Moon, then the best time for this is early spring. At this time of year, thousands of flowers bloom on the rocks and the beauty of Wadi Ram captures, huge expanses, canyons and wells, walls with ancient drawings, all this will open up before you. It's like you get into another world and feel like a real researcher.

The daytime temperature in the Wadi Rum desert is about 30 degrees, at night up to 1 degree of heat can fall. It's not so cold, and maybe even such a coolness will be pleasant after walking in the heat.

Serbia, located in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula, can rightfully be called "little Europe" due to its diverse natural landscape. Serbia is an unexplored oasis of the richest flora and fauna.
Most of the country is occupied by mountains and plateaus. The Pannonian plain is washed by the Sava, Danube and Tisza rivers in the northeast. The interior of the country and the southern mountains belong to the Balkans, and the coast is called the "hand of the Alps".
The plains are mostly cultivated, large areas in the intermountain and hollows are occupied by gardens, on the slopes of the mountains - coniferous, mixed and broad-leaved (mainly beech) forests. Along the Adriatic coast - Mediterranean shrubby vegetation. The fauna of Serbia is characterized by deer, chamois, fox, wild boar, lynx, bear, hare, as well as woodpecker, turtle dove, cuckoo, partridge, thrush, golden eagle, barn owl.